California Enacts Landmark AI Safety Law for Frontier Models
The new law requires developers of powerful AI to create safety protocols and report catastrophic risks.
Key Provisions of SB 53
California Governor Gavin Newsom on Sep 29, 2025, signed Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, into law. The legislation establishes a significant U.S. regulatory precedent for developers of the most powerful AI systems. It applies to "frontier" models trained using more than $10^{26}$ floating-point operations, a threshold that includes models from major California-based firms like OpenAI, Google, and Anthropic.
The law mandates that covered developers must: - Publicly publish a framework describing their safety best practices. - Implement protocols to prevent models from causing a "catastrophic risk," defined as an …
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